How Many Accidents Are Caused By Semi Trucks?

Nationally, there were approximately 536,424 police-reported crashes involving large trucks (including semi-trucks) in 2022, the most recent year for which full federal data is available. Large trucks accounted for about 5% of all vehicles involved in injury crashes and nearly 10% of vehicles involved in fatal crashes that year. (NHTSA, Large Trucks: 2022 Data)
In 2022 (the most recent year for which data is publicly available), 5,279 fatal accidents were caused by semi trucks in the U.S. As a result, 5,936 people lost their lives. That same year, there were 114,000 injury accidents caused by semi trucks, resulting in 160,000 people being injured. (FMCSA Large Truck And Bus Crash Facts)
But being involved in a crash isn’t the same as causing one. Determining how many accidents semi trucks actually cause requires looking at fault and causation data, not just involvement counts.
To address how many crashes are caused by tractor trailers, it is important to note that a majority of these crashes are brought on by drivers of the passenger car — a point examined more closely below. These fatal crashes account for 13.4% of all fatal accidents nationwide. The most common reasons for these types of crashes include speeding, driver distraction, failing to yield, and improper lane use.
Who Is At Fault: Passenger Vehicles vs. Truck Drivers
The most comprehensive federal study on this question is the FMCSA’s Large Truck Crash Causation Study. In two-vehicle crashes between a large truck and a passenger vehicle, truck drivers were assigned the critical reason for the crash in 44% of cases — meaning the passenger vehicle driver was the more likely at-fault party in the remaining crashes.
In other words, while tractor trailers are involved in roughly 500,000 crashes a year (NHTSA, Large Trucks: 2022 Data), when a semi truck collides with a passenger vehicle, the truck driver is assigned the critical reason for the crash in less than half of those cases.
Common Causes Of Accidents When The Semi Truck Driver Is At Fault
When the semi truck driver caused the accident and is the at-fault party, negligence usually stems from the size, weight, and operational demands of the vehicle. According to FMCSA’s Large Truck Crash Causation Study, the most frequent causes include:
- Driver Fatigue: Long hours behind the wheel or skipped rest breaks can lead a driver to nod off or lose focus, often tied to violations of federal Hours of Service (HOS) rules.
- Distracted Driving: Cell phone use, GPS adjustments, or eating behind the wheel pull a driver’s attention away from a vehicle that requires far more reaction time than a passenger car.
- Improper Loading: Cargo that’s overloaded or not properly secured can shift mid-drive, throwing off the truck’s balance and causing a rollover or loss of control.
- Speeding and Aggressive Driving: Because semi-trucks need significantly more distance to stop, driving too fast for road or weather conditions dramatically raises the risk of a rear-end or jackknife collision.
- Equipment Failure: Skipped maintenance can lead to blown tires, failed brakes, or malfunctioning lights — all of which are especially dangerous given the size of the vehicle.
Impact and Fatalities
Because semi-trucks can weigh up to 80,000 pounds, accidents involving them are significantly more devastating than typical passenger-car collisions. In 2022, 70% of the people who died in crashes involving large trucks were occupants of the other, smaller vehicle — not occupants of the truck itself. (NHTSA, Large Trucks: 2022 Data)
Fatal accidents caused by semi trucks nationwide
Of the 39,221 fatal motor vehicle crashes that occurred nationwide in 2022 (NHTSA), 5,279 of them were accidents caused by semi-trucks. Those fatal truck crashes resulted in 5,936 deaths.
Michigan fatal tractor trailer crash statistics
There were 104 tractor trailers involved in the 1,012 fatal motor vehicle crashes that occurred in Michigan in 2024, according to Michigan Traffic Crash Facts. Those fatal crashes resulted in 110 people being killed. (Michigan Traffic Crash Facts)
Michigan semi truck injury crashes
There were 2,706 tractor trailers involved in the 51,202 personal injury-related motor vehicle crashes that occurred in Michigan in 2024, according to Michigan Traffic Crash Facts. Those personal injury crashes resulted in 3,613 people being injured. (Michigan Traffic Crash Facts)
What is the fatality rate for accidents caused by semi trucks?
The fatality rate for tractor trailer-involved crashes nationwide in 2022 was 34.5% higher than the overall fatality rate for all motor vehicle crashes. In Michigan in 2024, the fatality rate for tractor trailer-involved crashes was 50% higher than the overall fatality rate for all motor vehicle crashes.
In 2022, the national fatality rate for tractor trailer-involved fatal crashes was 1.79 deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled by large trucks, whereas the overall fatality rate for all fatal crashes according to NHTSA was 1.33 per 100 million vehicle miles traveled by all motor vehicles.
In 2024 in Michigan, the fatal crash rate for tractor trailers was 1.5 per 100 million vehicle miles traveled compared to the overall fatal crash rate of 1.0 deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled.
Most common causes of fatal semi truck accidents nationwide
The most common “driver-related factor” in fatal accidents caused by semi trucks were:
- Speeding of any kind
- Careless driving
- Distraction/Inattention
- Impairment
- Failure to yield right of way
- Vision Obscured
- Improper Lane Usage
- Failure to Obey Traffic Signals
Most common causes of fatal semi truck accidents in Michigan
The following were the top driving behaviors that caused semi truck accidents in Michigan in 2024:
- Unable to stop in an assured clear distance: 1,515 crashes; 9 fatal crashes; and 332 injury crashes
- Failing to yield and disregarding traffic control signals: 1,185 crashes; 6 fatal crashes; and 295 injury crashes
- Speeding: 634 crashes; 4 fatal crashes; and 127 in injury crashes
- Improper lane use: 925 crashes; 0 in fatal crashes; and 68 injury crashes
- Careless/negligent driving: 313 crashes; 1 fatal crash; and 68 injury crashes
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(Sources: Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts 2022 U.S. DOT, FMCSA-Analysis Division (Published September 2025): Trends, Trends Table 4. Large Truck Fatal Crash Statistics, 1975-2022 (“Fatal Crashes Involving Large Trucks”; “Total Fatalities in Large Truck Crashes”; “Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled by Large Trucks”); Trends Table 6. All Motor Vehicle Fatal Crash Statistics, 1975-2022 (“Fatalities in All Crashes”); Trends Table 7. Large Truck Injury Crash Statistics, 2002-2022 (“Injury Crashes Involving Large Trucks”; “Persons Injured in Large Truck Crashes”); People Table 29. Drivers of Large Trucks in Fatal Crashes by Driver-Related Factors and Violations Recorded, 2020-2022; Michigan Traffic Crash Facts, Statewide, 2024, Vehicle/Driver, Heavy Truck, Heavy Truck/Bus Involved Crashes, “Hazardous Action”; Michigan Traffic Crash Facts, Fact Sheets, 2024, “Heavy Trucks/Buses”; Michigan Traffic Crash Facts, “2024 Quick Facts”)
Written By
Steve M. Gursten,
Attorney,
License#: P53632
Steven Gursten, attorney at Michigan Auto Law and one of the most successful auto accident attorneys in Michigan. Michigan Auto Law represents people seriously injured in car, truck, motorcycle, and bus accidents, including catastrophic injury, traumatic brain injury, and No-Fault insurance cases. Steven has recovered the largest reported auto and truck accident settlement of any Michigan lawyer, and has been named Michigan Lawyer of the Year and a Top 50 Michigan Super Lawyer.
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